Figure 2 (a) Laparoscopic adjustable banding. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding creates a 15-mL gastric pouch causing delayed emptying of solid food through the narrowed passage. Adjustments are done by injecting or removing saline from the subcutaneous port. (b) Laparoscopic gastric bypass. Gastric bypass (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) divides the stomach leaving a 15-mL pouch connected to a limb of jejunum varying in length. (c) Pylorus-preserving biliopancreatic diversion (Duodenal switch). Biliopancreatic bypass (BPD) consists of sleeve resection of one-third of the stomach and postpyloric diversion of the duodenum, creating a biliopancreatic duodenojejunal limb which empties into distal ileum. The proximal duodenoileal anastomosis creates an alimentary limb transporting food to the distal ileum where it encounters bile and digestive pancreatic enzymes.